Apakah Boleh Puasa Syawal Digabung dengan Puasa Qadha?

Berita Islam·

Apakah boleh puasa syawal digabung dengan puasa qadha acap dipertanyakan oleh umat muslim. Setelah menunaikan ibadah puasa Ramadan, umat muslim juga dianjurkan untuk menjalankan ibadah puasa Syawal.

Masih banyak dipertanyakan kaum muslimin dan muslimat, apakah dalam melaksanakan puasa syawal boleh berbarengan (digabung) dengan bayar utang puasa Ramadhan yang tertinggal?
Berikut penjelasannya.

Walaupun hukumnya adalah sunah, puasa pada bulan Syawal memiliki keistimewaannya sendiri, yaitu pahalanya dihitung seperti berpuasa satu tahun penuh, sebagaimana disebutkan pada hadis berikut:

“Barang siapa berpuasa Ramadan kemudian dianjurkan dengan enam hari dari Syawal, maka seperti pahala berpuasa setahun” (HR. Muslim).

Meskipun demikian, bolehkah orang yang memiliki utang puasa Ramadan tetap menjalankan ibadah puasa Syawal?

Melansir dari NU Online, dalam fatwa Majma’ al-Buhuts al-Islamiyah Al-Azhar as-Syari, terdapat pro kontra mengenai persoalan menggabungkan puasa Syawal dengan puasa qadha. Menurut ulama Hanabilah, menggabungkan niat puasa enam hari di bulan Syawal dengan qadha Ramadan menyebabkan salah satu puasa saja yang dianggap sah.

Sementara itu, menurut ulama Malikiyah dan mayoritas ulama Syafi’iyah, puasa Syawal digabung dengan puasa qadha dianggap sah keduanya. Sedangkan, sebagian ulama Syafiiyah dan suatu riwayat ulama Hanabilah, tidak diperbolehkan menggabungkan dua niat puasa Syawal dan puasa qadha.

Apakah boleh puasa syawal digabung dengan puasa qadha? Menanggapi pro kontra tersebut, Syekh Ali Jum’ah menekankan bahwa lebih sempurna dan lebih utama jika kedua puasa tersebut dilakukan secara terpisah. Pasalnya, mendapat pahala ganda bukan berarti memperoleh pahala secara penuh.

Sehingga dianjurkan untuk membayar atau mengqadha utang puasa Ramadan terlebih dahulu, baru setelahnya menunaikan ibadah puasa Syawal, sebagaimana keterangan yang ditulis Al –Khatib As-Syarbini dalam kitab Mughnil Muhtaj jilid pertama berikut, artinya:

“Kalau seseorang mengqadha puasa, berpuasa nadzar, atau berpuasa lain di bulan Syawal, apakah mendapat keutamaan sunnah puasa Syawal atau tidak? Saya tidak melihat seorang ulama berpendapat demikian, tetapi secara zahir, dapat. Tetapi memang ia tidak mendapatkan pahala yang dimaksud dalam hadits khususnya orang luput puasa Ramadhan dan mengqadhanya di bulan Syawal karena puasanya tidak memenuhi kriteria yang dimaksud. Karena itu sebagian ulama berpendapat bahwa dalam kondisi seperti itu ia dianjurkan untuk berpuasa enam hari di bulan Dzul qa’dah sebagai qadha puasa Syawal”.

Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bagi orang yang mempunyai utang puasa Ramadan, sebaiknya mengqadha utang puasanya dipisah dengan puasa Syawal. Sebab, mendapat pahala ganda bukan berarti memperoleh pahala secara utuh.

Sumber: NU Online

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